The benchmarks are bottom-up cost estimates of all major inputs to typical PV and energy storage system configurations and installation practices. Bottom-up costs are based on national averages and do not necessarily represent typical costs in all local markets.
We model a 500-kWdc fixed-tilt, ground-mounted commercial PV system coupled to a 300-kWdc storage system, with 4 hours (1,200 kWh) of storage, using the same PV parameters we use with our standalone PV system and the same storage parameters we use with our standalone storage system, except for the effects of on-site coupling listed in Table 10.
Commercial Li-ion Energy Storage System: Modeled Cost Parameters in Intrinsic Units Min. state of charge (SOC) and max. SOC a Note that, for all values given in per square meter (m2) terms, the denominator refers to square meters of battery pack footprint. The representative system has 80 kWh/m2.
By muting the impacts of policy distortions and short-term market fluctuations, the new minimum sustainable price (MSP) benchmarks provide an effective basis for long-term PV cost analysis. However, they do not represent dynamic market conditions and should not be used for near-term policy or market analysis.
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