The integration of PV and aquaculture enhances sustainability across multiple dimensions, including energy self-sufficiency, water conservation, and land-use efficiency.
In the contiguous United States, an installed residential PV system ranges from $3 to $8 a watt, plus the cost of batteries. Because the aquaculture system operates constantly, batteries and a charge controller will be necessary if a utility grid-tie is not possible. (A grid-tie is the most reliable for 24/7 operations.)
Photovoltaic infrastructure used in aquavoltaic systems, such as floating platforms and anchoring devices, can provide additional surfaces that facilitate the attachment and growth of carbon-sequestering marine organisms, thereby enhancing ecosystem carbon storage.
Theoretically, based on the equivalent conversion per unit of electricity generated, each KW per hour of electricity generated by the PV system can save 300–320 g of standard coal. However, the exact savings vary in accordance with the efficiency, type, and model of both thermal power and PV generation used, as well as the quality of the coal.
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