Coordination of Macro Base Stations for 5G Network with User
To tackle the aforementioned challenges, this study proposes a dispatching scheme for a 5G macro BS network incorporating the optimal scheduling of standard equipment in the BSs. The main
Given the power profile and on/off state of each BS, the injected power of each BS, the on/off state of ACs, the charge/discharge power of backup batteries, and the power of renewable generation units during each time period are jointly optimized to achieve the goal of the economic operation of the 5G macro BS network.
All BSs in the network are always in active mode, and the users in each cell are served by the 5G macro BS in the local cell; that is, user allocation is not performed, the transmission of electric energy among the BSs is not performed, the fixed-frequency commercial AC is temperature-controlled, and the set temperature is fixed.
The 5G macro BS homogeneous network is shown in Figure 1. The main energy-consuming equipment in a macro BS include the communications equipment, an AC, a backup battery, and a renewable generation unit.
The limited penetration capability of millimeter waves necessitates the deployment of significantly more 5G base stations (the next generation Node B, gNB) than their 4G counterparts to ensure network coverage . Notably, the power consumption of a gNB is very high, up to 3–4 times of the power consumption of a 4G base stations (BSs).
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