While electrical storage devices store energy by spatially redistributing charge carriers and thus creating or modifying an electric field, chemical reactions take place in electrochemical storage devices in which electrons are released and later reabsorbed. electrochemical energy storage system is shown in Figure1. Electric vehicle applications require batteries with high energy density and fast-charging capabilities. The chapter starts with an introduction of the general characteristics and requirements of electrochemical storage: the open circuit voltage, which depends on the state of charge; the two ageing effects, calendaric ageing and cycle life; and the use of balancing systems to compensate for these. Electrochemical energy storage systems have the potential to make a major contribution to the implementation of sustainable energy.
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